This site publishes blood alcohol calculators, and this is the page where it says plainly what they cannot do. None of them can tell you it is safe or lawful to drive, this one included, and a calculator that implies otherwise is selling permission rather than arithmetic.
Why no calculator can answer this
Three separate reasons, each sufficient on its own.
- The estimate is wider than the decision. The Widmark equation needs two constants that vary between people, so an honest result is a band roughly a quarter wide. For most realistic nights that band straddles the legal limit, meaning the calculator genuinely does not know which side of it you are on. The margins are set out in full here.
- Impairment starts below every limit. Measurable loss of visual tracking, divided attention, and reaction time begins around 0.02 to 0.05, under the lowest mainstream limit in the world.1 A number under a limit is a statement about prosecution, not about competence.
- It cannot see you. A formula does not know what was really in the glass, what you ate, what you take, how much you slept, or that alcohol is still absorbing. Tiredness alone degrades driving, and it stacks.
What the legal limit actually means
| Limit (BAC %) | Where it applies |
|---|---|
| 0.08 | United States, Canada, England, Wales, Northern Ireland |
| 0.05 | Netherlands, Scotland, Australia, and most of the EU |
| 0.02 | New and professional drivers in much of Europe; Sweden, Norway, Poland |
| 0.00 | Zero tolerance: Czechia, Hungary, Romania, and US drivers under 21 |
A limit is the point at which the law stops arguing about whether you were impaired and starts arguing about the penalty. It is not a threshold below which driving is fine, and it is not the same number everywhere: it changes by country, by state, by vehicle class, and by how long you have held a licence. Several countries are at zero.
Which is why this site will tell you when an estimate is still above a limit, and will never tell you that being below one clears you. The BAC chart shows what different nights work out to, and what each level does to the faculties driving needs. This is general information about how alcohol behaves, not legal advice about your situation.
The morning after is the real trap
Most people asking this question at 1am will make a sensible decision. The dangerous version is at 8am, when the night feels finished, the hangover reads as tiredness rather than alcohol, and nobody thinks of themselves as drink-driving on the way to work.
The arithmetic is unsympathetic. Blood alcohol falls by roughly 0.012 to 0.02 percentage points per hour, about one standard drink an hour, and sleep does not add to that rate.2 A genuinely heavy night can still be over a legal limit at breakfast, and morning-after cases are an ordinary category of drink-driving prosecution rather than a curiosity.
The night this happens most is the Wednesday before Thanksgiving: a heavy Blackout Wednesday routinely has people driving to dinner the next afternoon on blood alcohol that has not finished clearing.
If the question is when last night likely clears, the sober-up estimator gives a window rather than a time. Plan around its later edge, and treat it as the earliest point at which the question becomes worth asking, not as a clearance.
What to do instead
Leave the car and settle it tomorrow
A car retrieved in the morning costs a taxi fare and an inconvenience. Nothing else on this list is as cheap.
Taxi, rideshare, night bus, or a lift
Split four ways, a ride home is usually less than the round you just bought.
Stay where you are
A sofa is an unglamorous plan that has never once ended in a court date.
Hand someone your keys before you start
The decision is far easier to make sober, which is precisely why it should be made then.
If someone else is about to drive, taking their keys is awkward for an evening and the alternative is not. Being wrong about this is recoverable in one direction only.
On owning a breathalyzer
A breathalyzer measures what a calculator estimates, and it is the only consumer device that does. That makes it genuinely useful for one thing: finding out what your own drinking actually does to you, tested the next morning, when the answer is information rather than a decision.
It is not a pre-driving check and should never be used as one. If you are sitting in a car about to test yourself before driving: get out of the car and call a taxi or a rideshare. The device is not the thing to fix in that moment, and no reading it gives you changes what to do next.
Treat the impulse as the more important signal. Needing a machine to decide whether to drive home is not a question about equipment, and it does not become one at a lower number. If that decision keeps coming up, the confidential helplines in the footer of every page on this site are there for exactly that, and they are a great deal cheaper than the alternative. How the estimates here compare to a measurement sets out the chain: a blood test measures, a decent fuel-cell breathalyzer estimates closely, a formula estimates roughly, and how you feel barely counts as evidence.
Frequently asked questions
Am I too drunk to drive?
If you are asking, do not drive. That is the whole answer, and it is deliberately an instruction rather than a yes or a no, because a yes or a no flips meaning depending on how you phrased the question in your head. Nobody looks up whether they are too drunk to drive after two glasses of water. The question itself is evidence of the doubt, and the faculty you would need in order to resolve that doubt accurately, honest self-assessment, is among the first things alcohol degrades.
How many drinks can I have and still drive?
This site will not give you a number, and any site that does is guessing about your body. The same drinks produce very different blood alcohol levels in different people, the estimate has a margin of error wide enough to cross a legal limit, and measurable impairment of reaction time and judgment begins below every limit in the world. The only count with no uncertainty attached is zero.
Can I drive after two beers?
Not on the strength of a drink count. Two US standard drinks put a smaller adult close to or over 0.05, and a larger one comfortably under it, so any answer built on counting glasses depends on a body no chart knows. More usefully: at two drinks, tracking a moving object and dividing your attention are already measurably worse, whatever the number says. Being under a limit is a legal statement, not a safety one.
How long after drinking can I drive?
Blood alcohol falls at roughly 0.015 percentage points per hour, with a published range of 0.012 to 0.020, and nothing accelerates it. A heavy night can therefore still be above a legal limit at breakfast. If you want an estimate of when your own night likely clears, the sober-up estimator gives a window rather than a time, and the later edge is the one to plan around.
Is it illegal to drive the morning after drinking?
Yes, if you are still over the limit, and morning-after driving is a routine category of drink-driving prosecution rather than a technicality. Sleep does not remove alcohol; only time does, at a fixed rate. Waking up feeling merely tired after a heavy night is entirely compatible with a blood alcohol level that is still illegal.
Does coffee, food, or a cold shower make me safe to drive?
No. None of them lowers blood alcohol. Caffeine can make an impaired person feel alert, which is worse than useless in this specific situation, because the feeling is what people use to decide whether to drive. Food eaten before drinking lowers the peak; food eaten afterwards changes nothing.
What if I am only just under the legal limit?
A limit is a prosecution threshold, not a safety rating. Crash risk is already elevated at levels well under every legal limit, and an estimate that puts you just under one is an estimate whose error bars put you over it. Being fractionally under a number is the weakest possible reason to drive.
Can a breathalyzer tell me if I am safe to drive?
No. It measures blood alcohol, which is a different question from whether you are safe to drive: impairment can outlast the number and cheap semiconductor units drift. More to the point, if you are sitting in a car testing yourself before driving, get out of the car and call a taxi or a rideshare. Deciding whether to drive by breath-testing yourself is a habit worth taking seriously in its own right, whatever the device says. A personal breathalyzer is for learning what your own drinking does to you the next morning, not a green light on the night.
Related tools and answers
The morning-after estimator: when last night likely clears, as a window.
BAC chartWhat different nights work out to, and what each level does to you.
How these estimates workEvery assumption and every error source behind the numbers on this site.
How to sober upCoffee, showers, food, and sweating: what the evidence says about each.
Sources
- NHTSA. Drunk driving: how alcohol affects driving ability.
- Jones, A.W. (2010). Evidence-based survey of the elimination rates of ethanol from blood. Forensic Science International.
- NIAAA. What is a standard drink?
- Norberg, Å. et al. (2003). Role of variability in explaining ethanol pharmacokinetics. Clinical Pharmacokinetics.